Ouro Preto (meaning Black Gold) was founded as a mining town, acquiring fame and status during the 18th century's gold rush. Subsequently, it became a major center during what is known as Brazil's golden age, leaving an important cultural legacy. The city started an inevitable decline in the 19th century, but numerous churches, bridges and fountains remain as a testimony to its past prosperity and the exceptional talent of the Baroque sculptor Aleijadinho.